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The eternal question that separates the juniors from the seniors. Someone innocently asks you to pass the salt, and suddenly your brain is running a full stack trace on whether they want a copy of the salt shaker or just a pointer to its memory address.
Pass-by-value means they get their own little salt shaker (a copy), so whatever they do with it doesn't affect yours. Pass-by-reference means you're handing them the actual salt shaker, and if they dump it all over their food, well, you're both out of salt now.
This is why programmers can't have normal dinner conversations. We're too busy worrying about memory allocation and whether we need to implement a mutex lock on the condiments.
